Evolving development of multi-parametric normal tissue complication probability model for liver radiotherapy

The dosimetry model of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) has been investigated for decades. Incorporation of imaging parameters and biomarkers into NTCP is a must in this modern era. El Naqa and colleagues developed a novel NTCP model with the incorporation of imaging and cytokine biomarkers for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT) (1).